Neighbor numbers are the fractions for which children have a conceptual understanding, such as ¼, ½, ¾, and 1.
A question involving neighbor numbers might be: ‘Which is larger 7/16 or 4/9?’, the child could compare these to ½. The reason they would pick ½ is because they recognize that:
- 7/16 is 1/16 less than 8/16 = ½
- 4/9 is ½/9 less than 4½/9 = ½ and ½/9 = 1/18
- and since 7/16 and 4/9 are both smaller than ½
- and 1/18 is smaller that 1/16
- then 4/9 is bigger than the 7/16
- because 7/16 is farther away from ½.
Neighbor numbers allow us to use logic instead of common denominators to determine the value of fractions.
Neighbor numbers are often used to quickly put a list of fractions in order from smallest to largest. For example, if you are asked to put these (½ 5/7 1/3 15/31) in order, neighbor numbers are the quickest method, as compared to finding common denominators. This is a very common problem for standardized tests.
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